Microalgae tolerant of boron stress and bioresources accumulation during the boron removal process

Boron (B) industry and consuming produce large amounts of B-containing wastewater. Low tolerance of microorganisms and plants resulted in the biological removal of B was limited. Microalgae show high adaptability in adverse environments. Whether microalgae able to be utilized in B removal meanwhile produce bioresources, and the B tolerant mechanisms and regulation pathway of microalgae are unclear. In this study, the cell growth, B removal, and lipid/starch production of Chlorella regularis under different levels of B stress (0.5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L) were examined. The mechanisms of signal perception and response were explored by transcriptome and network analysis. Microalgae tolerated 25 mg/L high B stress, cell growth showed no decline and biomass reach up to 4.5 g/L. Microalgae took in B with 3.35 mg/g and bonded them to protein and carbon components in cells, the B removal capability was higher than some special adsorbents. Microalgae produced 188.65 mg/(L∙d) lipids and 305.35 mg/(L∙d) starch. The mitogen-activated protein-kinase signaling pathway was involved in the B tolerance of microalgae and regulated B efflux, glycolysis, and lipid/starch accumulation to relieve B stress. This study provides potential biological technique for B removal in wastewater and promotes new insight into signal role in toxic pollutants biological treatment.