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A new insight into cell biological and biochemical changes through aging
Somayeh Sahabi1, Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou2, Nosratollah Zarghami3
1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Acta Histochemica
|January 7, 2022
Summary
The primary cause of aging remains unknown, despite theories like stem cell aging and senescent cell accumulation. Understanding aging mechanisms is key to controlling and reversing the process.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and cellular biology, focusing on the molecular and systemic mechanisms of aging.
Background:
- Aging is a complex process with multiple contributing theories, including stem cell aging, senescent cell accumulation, and neuro-endocrine factors.
- Current theories do not fully explain all age-related cellular and bodily changes, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize key cellular and systemic changes associated with the aging process.
- To explore various aging theories and identify potential unifying mechanisms.
- To provide a foundation for future research aimed at controlling, preventing, or reversing aging.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on aging mechanisms.
- Analysis of cellular signaling pathways, including mTORC1, autophagy, and mitophagy.
- Examination of age-related changes in the immune and endocrine systems.
Main Results:
- Aging involves cellular changes like epigenetic alterations and hyperactivity of pathways such as mTORC1.
- Impaired autophagy and mitophagy, along with lysosomal accumulation, are significant hallmarks of cellular aging.
- Systemic changes include immune system shifts (lymphoid to myeloid) and increased inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α), contributing to meta-inflammation and age-related conditions.
Conclusions:
- No single theory currently explains all aspects of aging, indicating a multifactorial etiology.
- Understanding the interplay of cellular signaling, autophagy, immune, and endocrine changes is crucial for elucidating the primary cause of aging.
- Further research into these interconnected mechanisms may unlock strategies for mitigating or reversing aging.
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