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Embedded bleeding detector into a PMMA applicator for electron intraoperative radiotherapy.

Rafael Garcia-Gil1, Silvia Casans1, A Edith Navarro1

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Valencia, Spain.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
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Summary

This study introduces a novel, low-cost bleeding detector for intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT). The device prevents radiation dose errors by detecting fluid accumulation within the applicator during treatment.

Keywords:
Bleeding detectorCapacitive sensorIntraoperative radiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) requires precise radiation delivery.
  • Fluid accumulation in applicators can lead to inaccurate dosing during IOERT.
  • Existing methods for fluid detection may lack real-time, non-contact capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a low-cost, easy-to-install, non-contact bleeding detector for IOERT.
  • To prevent dose misadministration caused by fluid accumulation in the applicator.
  • To integrate the detector seamlessly into the IOERT workflow.

Main Methods:

  • The detector utilizes a capacitive sensor and wireless power-supply electronics embedded in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) applicator.
  • The system is designed for stand-alone operation, avoiding patient contact.
  • Calibration was performed for various tilting angles to accommodate different tumor access trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Calibration yielded a fit curve enabling fluid height interpolation across different angles.
  • The detector achieved an accuracy of 1 mm for angles <10° and 2 mm for angles >15°, exceeding clinical requirements.
  • In situ evaluation confirmed no interference with the radiation beam.

Conclusions:

  • The developed bleeding detector is effective and suitable for industrialization.
  • A user-friendly mobile application enhances surgical team decision-making before and during irradiation.
  • The detector provides stable measurements during the irradiation process, ensuring treatment safety.