Influence of ceramic-coating techniques on composite-zirconia bonding: Strain energy release rate evaluation

To compare ceramic-coating techniques versus conventional techniques on bonding between composite cements and zirconia by means of strain energy release rate (G_c, J/m²).

Two sizes of zirconia bars (30 mm × 8 mm × 1.5 mm and 14.8 mm × 8 mm × 1.5 mm) were fabricated. Two smaller bars were treated and cemented to the surface of a large bar using one of the following methods: (i) AlN-nano-structured alumina coating with RelyX Unicem 2; (ii) HOT-DCM hotbond coating with G-Multi Primer and G-Cem Linkforce; (iii) LiDi-lithium disilicate glass-ceramic coating with Monobond N Primer and Multilink Speed; (iv) COJ-tribochemical silica treatment with RelyX Ceramic Primer and RelyX Unicem 2; (v) GCEM-alumina grit blasting with G-Multi Primer and G-Cem LinkForce; (vi) MUL-alumina grit blasting with Multilink Speed; and (vii) PAN-alumina grit blasting with Clearfil Ceramic Primer and Panavia F2.0. A total of 30 bilayered specimens in each group were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h and assigned to three subgroups (n = 10/test group): short-term test, thermocycling for 5000 cycles, and thermocycling for 10,000 cycles and tested in 4-point bending configuration. Results were analysed using two-way ANOVA, followed by one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell (α = 0.05). Failure mode and surfaces were analysed using optical microscopy and SEM.

The bonding (J/m²) of COJ and MUL groups was significantly higher than the other groups among all aging conditions. Thermocycling affected the bonding in COJ and GCEM groups.

Surface pre-treatments and artificial aging affect the bonding between composite cements and zirconia.