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Cardiac geometry, function and mechanics in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy with preserved ejection

Sarah A Guigui1, Sofia A Horvath1, Ivan A Arenas1

  • 1Echocardiography Laboratory, Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, 4300 Alton Road, De Hirsch Meyer Tower Suite 2070, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA.

Journal of Echocardiography
|January 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) with preserved ejection fraction (EF) shows abnormal heart geometry and reduced longitudinal mechanics. This suggests increased myocardial stiffness in affected adults.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is often associated with reduced ejection fraction (EF) and dilated cardiomyopathy.
  • Data on LVNC presenting with preserved EF in adults is limited.
  • This study focuses on characterizing cardiac geometry and mechanics in LVNC patients with preserved EF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cardiac geometry and mechanics in adult patients diagnosed with LVNC and preserved EF.
  • To compare these parameters with a control group without LVNC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 17 LVNC patients with preserved EF (2008-2019).
  • LVNC diagnosis based on transthoracic 2D echocardiographic criteria.
  • Matched 1:1 with controls without LVNC.
  • Analysis of geometric, functional, and mechanical parameters using 2D and speckle-tracking echocardiography.

Main Results:

  • LVNC patients had similar LV systolic function and chamber dimensions but increased mass and relative wall thickness compared to controls.
  • Abnormal LV geometry was more prevalent in LVNC patients (76% vs. 18%).
  • Significantly decreased global longitudinal strain and increased rigid body rotation were observed in the LVNC group.

Conclusions:

  • LVNC with preserved EF is characterized by impaired LV geometry and longitudinal mechanics.
  • Increased myocardial stiffness, indicated by rigid body rotation, is a feature of this condition.
  • These findings differentiate LVNC with preserved EF from typical presentations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiac mechanicsLV twistLVNCMyocardial strainSpeckle-tracking echocardiography

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