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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...

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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: July 3, 2018

Advances in quantifying circulatory microRNA for early disease detection.

Jit Kong Cheong¹, Yew Chung Tang², Lihan Zhou²

¹Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSoM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; Precision Medicine Programme, YLLSoM, NUS, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Singapore.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

|January 9, 2022

Summary

Precision preventive healthcare uses microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for early disease detection. This review covers miRNA assay validation and development for clinical use and point-of-care testing.

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Last Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: July 3, 2018

Circulating MicroRNA Quantification Using DNA-binding Dye Chemistry and Droplet Digital PCR

Circulating MicroRNA Quantification Using DNA-binding Dye Chemistry and Droplet Digital PCR

Published on: June 26, 2016

Probe-based Real-time PCR Approaches for Quantitative Measurement of microRNAs

Probe-based Real-time PCR Approaches for Quantitative Measurement of microRNAs

Published on: April 14, 2015

Area of Science:

Biomedical Diagnostics
Molecular Biology
Preventive Medicine

Background:

Precision preventive healthcare integrates early detection and intervention for improved patient outcomes.
Clinical adoption of novel assays is crucial for effective preventive healthcare delivery.
MicroRNA (miRNA) biomarkers from liquid biopsies show promise for early disease detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical utility and validation of miRNA-based molecular diagnostics.
To discuss considerations for developing multi-analyte clinical assays.
To highlight advances in PCR-free miRNA detection for point-of-care testing.

Main Methods:

Review of large-cohort studies on miRNA biomarker validation.
Analysis of clinical utility and development considerations for miRNA assays.
Examination of recent progress in integrated PCR-free miRNA detection systems.

Main Results:

miRNA-based assays are advancing towards clinical practice after rigorous validation.
Development of multi-analyte assays requires careful consideration of various factors.
Progress in PCR-free systems facilitates point-of-care miRNA detection.

Conclusions:

miRNA diagnostics hold significant potential for early disease detection in precision preventive healthcare.
Further validation and development of assays, including point-of-care technologies, are essential for clinical integration.
The field is moving towards more accessible and efficient miRNA-based diagnostic tools.