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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Summary

SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may trigger Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Early diagnosis and investigation for autonomic dysfunction are crucial for managing GBS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Accumulating evidence links SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination to Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).
  • Over 400 GBS cases were reported following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination by the end of 2021.
  • GBS diagnosis typically follows Brighton criteria, with Besta or Hadden criteria also used.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the association between SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
  • To emphasize the importance of investigating autonomic dysfunction in GBS patients.
  • To outline diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses for GBS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of reported GBS cases associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria (Brighton, Besta, Hadden).
  • Description of diagnostic support using MRI with contrast medium.

Main Results:

  • Significant number of GBS cases reported post-SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
  • GBS can present with or be complicated by autonomic dysfunction.
  • Differential diagnoses include critical illness neuropathy and medication side effects.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are potential triggers for Guillain-Barre syndrome.
  • Comprehensive evaluation for autonomic involvement is essential in GBS management.
  • Exclusion of alternative neuropathies is critical for accurate GBS diagnosis.