Utilizing Pulmonary Function Parameters to Predict Dysphagia in Individuals With Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Pulmonology
• Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

• Dysphagia is a common complication in individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries (CSCI).
• Pulmonary function is crucial for airway protection and swallowing efficiency.
• Predictive factors for dysphagia in CSCI patients require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify pulmonary function parameters that can predict dysphagia in individuals with CSCI.
• To establish cutoff values for predictive pulmonary function tests.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of 78 individuals with CSCI.
• Pulmonary function assessed via spirometry and peak flow meter.
• Swallowing function evaluated using videofluoroscopic swallowing study and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS).

Main Results:

• Higher age, tracheostomy history, anterior surgical approach, and higher neurological injury level were associated with increased penetration-aspiration or pharyngeal residue.
• Lower peak cough flow (PCF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were significantly observed in patients with dysphagia.
• Cutoff values for PCF and FEV1 were determined as 140 L/min and 37.5% predicted, respectively.

Conclusions:

• Low PCF and FEV1 values may serve as predictors for dysphagia risk in CSCI patients.
• Active swallowing evaluation is recommended for individuals with CSCI to confirm dysphagia.