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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
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Epigenetic regulation by gut microbiota.

Vivienne Woo1, Theresa Alenghat1

  • 1Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Gut Microbes
|January 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Gut microbiota epigenetically regulate host cells, influencing health and disease. Understanding these microbiota-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms is key for developing new therapies for microbiota-related disorders.

Keywords:
HDACMicrobiotaSCFAschromatinepigeneticsepigenomehistone modificationintestinemicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Epigenetics
  • Host-microbe interactions

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal tract hosts trillions of microbes (microbiota) influencing host health and disease.
  • Microbial signals are integrated via epigenetic modifications, altering host cell transcription without changing DNA.
  • Epigenetic changes include DNA/histone modifications and non-coding RNA regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on epigenetic regulation by the gut microbiota.
  • To highlight the therapeutic implications of microbiota-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the complex relationship between host and microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbiota-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies on DNA, histone, and non-coding RNA modifications.
  • Synthesis of findings in local intestinal and peripheral tissues.

Main Results:

  • Microbiota-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for host cell function.
  • These mechanisms operate in both local intestinal and peripheral tissues.
  • Impaired microbiota-host interactions are linked to various diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation by gut microbiota is a critical factor in host health.
  • Understanding these epigenetic pathways offers novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to fully decipher microbiota-host epigenetic crosstalk.