Multimodality imaging of developmental splenic anomalies: tips and pitfalls

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Embryology
• Anatomy

Background:

• Congenital anomalies of the spleen can affect its number and location.
• Understanding splenic function and embryology is key to identifying these anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of splenic function and embryology.
• To detail the imaging appearances of normal spleen and congenital anomalies.
• To highlight key features for accurate radiologic diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

• Review of imaging techniques for spleen evaluation.
• Detailed description of imaging findings for congenital splenic anomalies.
• Emphasis on diagnostic features and potential complications.

Main Results:

• Congenital splenic anomalies discussed include abnormal viscero-atrial situs, splenogonadal fusion, intrapancreatic accessory spleen, wandering spleen, and splenosis.
• Imaging features are presented to aid in recognizing these conditions.
• Potential pitfalls and associations, such as asplenia/polysplenia and torsion, are highlighted.

Conclusions:

• Accurate identification of congenital splenic anomalies through imaging is essential.
• Distinguishing these anomalies from malignancies is critical for timely intervention.
• Radiologists play a vital role in recognizing splenic variations and their implications.