Mitogenic activity of staphylococcal protein A is due to contaminating staphylococcal enterotoxins

Soluble protein A from S. aureus is widely used as a polyclonal activator of human T cells. However, recombinant protein A produced in E. coli does not show any mitogenic properties, although its IgG-binding activity is identical to protein A purified from S. aureus. Antisera against the staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B are able to specifically inhibit the response of human T lymphocytes to protein A from S. aureus. Therefore, the mitogenic principle of this extensively used T cells activator is due to minute contaminations by enterotoxins that are active in picomolar concentrations.