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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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[Addictive inhalants-A challenge for the lungs].

Claudia Bauer-Kemény1, Michael Kreuter1,2

  • 1Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Röntgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Deutschland.

Der Pneumologe
|January 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Inhaled psychotropic substances like e-cigarettes, cannabis, cocaine, and heroin pose risks. Research is lacking on novel products and cannabis, while cocaine and heroin cause documented lung damage with chronic use.

Keywords:
E‑cigarettesGlue sniffingIllicit drugsPsychotropic substancesTobacco smoking

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Inhaled psychotropic substance use is prevalent, including tobacco, e-cigarettes, cannabis, cocaine, and heroin.
  • While tobacco's lung effects are known, data on other inhaled substances is limited.
  • Novel products like e-cigarettes and heated tobacco lack independent, standardized health risk data.

Purpose:

  • To review the current scientific evidence on the health effects of various inhaled psychotropic substances on the lungs and respiratory tract.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding novel inhaled products and cannabis use.
  • To highlight documented lung damage from inhaled cocaine and heroin.

Summary:

  • Evidence on the respiratory health impacts of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products is insufficient.
  • Long-term effects of cannabis inhalation on lung health remain unclear.
  • Extensive and chronic inhalation of cocaine and heroin demonstrably causes significant lung damage.

Impact:

  • Highlights the urgent need for standardized, independent research on novel inhaled substances.
  • Informs public health strategies regarding the risks of widespread psychotropic substance inhalation.
  • Underscores the severe pulmonary consequences of chronic cocaine and heroin use.