Promotion and Upregulation of a Plasma Membrane Proton-ATPase Strategy: Principles and Applications

Plasma membrane proton-ATPase (PM H⁺-ATPase) is a primary H⁺ transporter that consumes ATP in vivo and is a limiting factor in the blue light-induced stomatal opening signaling pathway. It was recently reported that manipulation of PM H⁺-ATPase in stomatal guard cells and other tissues greatly improved leaf photosynthesis and plant growth. In this report, we review and discuss the function of PM H⁺-ATPase in the context of the promotion and upregulation H⁺-ATPase strategy, including associated principles pertaining to enhanced stomatal opening, environmental plasticity, and potential applications in crops and nanotechnology. We highlight the great potential of the promotion and upregulation H⁺-ATPase strategy, and explain why it may be applied in many crops in the future.