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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Oncology
  • Metabolic and immune system interactions

Background:

  • Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and homeostasis.
  • Alterations in gut microbial composition have been linked to various diseases, including metabolic and immune disorders.
  • Thyroid homeostasis is influenced by the gut microbiome, suggesting a potential role in thyroid health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gut microbiota composition and the development of thyroid carcinoma.
  • To identify specific microbial signatures predictive of thyroid carcinoma.
  • To explore the relationship between gut microbiota and lymph node metastasis in thyroid carcinoma patients.

Main Methods:

  • 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to analyze gut microbiota in 90 thyroid carcinoma patients and 90 healthy controls.
  • LEfSe, logistic regression, lasso regression, and random forest models were employed to identify microbial signatures.
  • Functional prediction of microbial genes was performed using Tax4Fun and PICRUSt2.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid carcinoma patients showed reduced gut microbiota richness and diversity compared to healthy controls.
  • A 10-genus microbial signature effectively distinguished thyroid carcinoma patients from controls (AUC 0.809 in discovery, 0.746 in validation).
  • Microbial alterations were associated with decreased biosynthesis pathways and a four-genus signature differentiated patients with metastatic lymphadenopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid carcinoma is characterized by significant gut microbiota dysbiosis.
  • Gut microbiota alterations are implicated in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma.
  • Microbial signatures may serve as potential biomarkers for thyroid carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis.