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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Cardiac Cachexia Associated With Valvular Heart Failure.

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  • 1Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.

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Summary

Cardiac cachexia, a complication of heart failure, can be reversed. Early assessment and treatment, like transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), improved this patient's cardiac function and weight, highlighting the importance of monitoring HF patients.

Keywords:
aortic stenosiscardiac cachexiaheart failuretavrvalvulopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiac cachexia (CC) is a significant complication of heart failure (HF), directly linked to increased mortality.
  • Monitoring weight and muscle mass loss in HF patients is crucial for preventing adverse outcomes.

Observation:

  • An elderly patient with aortic stenosis (AS) presented with worsening dyspnea and weight loss, indicative of HF.
  • Physical examination revealed signs of heart failure and valvulopathy; echocardiogram showed reduced ejection fraction and severe AS.

Findings:

  • The patient, ineligible for cardiothoracic surgery, underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
  • Post-TAVR, the patient experienced symptom improvement, with enhanced cardiac function and dry weight during follow-up.

Implications:

  • This case suggests that cardiac cachexia may stem from reversible cardiomyopathy.
  • Prompt assessment and intervention are vital for improving quality of life and reducing morbidity/mortality in HF patients.