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A Comprehensive Review Study on Glomerulonephritis Associated With Post-streptococcal Infection

Mustafa A Alhamoud1, Ibrahim Z Salloot1, Shamim S Mohiuddin2

  • 1Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU.

Cureus
|January 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is an immune-mediated kidney inflammation following Group A Streptococcus infections. Prompt antibiotic treatment of these infections is crucial for preventing PSGN complications like chronic kidney disease.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a significant cause of acute nephritis in children, triggered by specific Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci strains.
  • This condition results from an immune complex-mediated inflammatory response within the glomeruli following skin or throat infections.
  • Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a major pathogen responsible for numerous deaths annually due to complications like rheumatic heart disease, rheumatic fever, and invasive infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN).
  • To highlight the role of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in triggering PSGN.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and symptomatic management of PSGN.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis involves laboratory tests such as microscopy and urinalysis.
  • Imaging studies may be utilized to identify complications like pulmonary congestion and chronic kidney disease.
  • The study reviews the immunologic mechanism involving antigen-antibody and complement system formation leading to glomerular injury.

Main Results:

  • PSGN is characterized by glomerular inflammation due to deposited immune complexes following a GAS infection.
  • Clinical manifestations align with nephritic syndrome.
  • Untreated PSGN can progress to chronic kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of PSGN is primarily symptomatic.
  • Preventing PSGN hinges on the timely and adequate antibiotic treatment of primary Group A Streptococcus infections.
  • Early intervention can mitigate the risk of developing severe complications such as chronic kidney disease.

Keywords:
: post streptococcal glomerulonephritisgasglomerulonephritispost infectionpsgn

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