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Consanguinity and Diabetes in Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study.

Saad H Alzahrani1, Nawaf M Alzahrani2, Fahad M Al Jabir2

  • 1Obesity and Endocrine Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.

Cureus
|January 10, 2022
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Summary

Consanguinity, or marriage between relatives, is linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia. This study found a significant correlation between consanguinity and T2DM occurrence, particularly among first-cousin marriages.

Keywords:
consanguinitydiabetes mellitusfamily historypatternssaudi arabia

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is genetically influenced and common in Saudi Arabia.
  • Consanguineous marriages are prevalent in the Saudi population.
  • Understanding the link between consanguinity and DM is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of consanguinity among individuals with DM in Saudi Arabia.
  • To investigate the impact of consanguinity on the occurrence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  • To analyze the effect of different degrees of consanguineous marriage on diabetes risk.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, family history of DM, and consanguinity status.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations and significance.

Main Results:

  • The study included 324 DM patients (143 T1DM, 181 T2DM) and control groups.
  • Consanguinity was present in 51.4% of T1DM patients but not significantly related.
  • T2DM showed a significant correlation with consanguinity (r=0.132, p=0.004), especially in first-cousin marriages (OR=1.151-1.476).
  • Gender, family history, and cousin marriages were significant factors for T2DM.

Conclusions:

  • Consanguinity is associated with an increased occurrence of T2DM in the Saudi population.
  • This relationship may contribute to the high prevalence of DM.
  • Further research is needed, and public awareness regarding this correlation is recommended.