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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
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Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

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Management of post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.

Tara J Wu1, Alice C Yu1, Jivianne T Lee1

  • 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 62-132 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

Current Treatment Options in Allergy
|January 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory training is the primary treatment for persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. Corticosteroids may offer some benefit, but more research is needed for effective pharmacologic therapies for this common SARS-CoV-2 complication.

Keywords:
AnosmiaCOVID-19Olfactory dysfunctionOlfactory training

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Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently causes olfactory dysfunction.
  • Post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction (PCOD) affects a significant number of individuals.
  • Understanding PCOD management is crucial due to its prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on managing post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
  • To identify effective interventions for PCOD.
  • To highlight areas for future research in PCOD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases.
  • Keywords included "Covid-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "anosmia," "olfactory," "treatment," and "management."
  • Analysis of existing clinical trials and prospective studies.

Main Results:

  • Most PCOD cases resolve spontaneously within two weeks.
  • Olfactory training is the intervention with the strongest supporting evidence.
  • Limited evidence suggests intranasal or oral corticosteroids may help alleviate symptoms.
  • No large-scale randomized clinical trials exist for pharmacologic therapies for PCOD.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory training should be initiated promptly for patients with PCOD.
  • A short course of corticosteroids may be beneficial for some patients.
  • Further research is essential to develop effective pharmacologic treatments for PCOD.