Evaluation of Antibiotic Prescribing Practices and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns in Urinary Tract Related
Sirajudeen S Alavudeen1, Anas Ali Asiri1, Shatha Abdulrahman Fageeh1
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are often caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Prompt laboratory diagnosis and targeted antibiotic treatment are crucial for effective management of pediatric UTIs.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Microbiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can lead to severe complications like kidney failure and sepsis.
- Bacterial UTIs pose a significant health and economic burden globally.
- Effective management requires understanding causative agents and antibiotic susceptibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify common bacterial uropathogens in pediatric UTIs.
- To determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns for common uropathogens.
- To inform optimal treatment strategies for pediatric UTIs in Saudi Arabia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 132 inpatient pediatric UTI cases.
- Bacterial isolation and identification.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Main Results:
- Escherichia coli (31.82%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%) were the most frequent uropathogens.
- Fever was the predominant symptom (84.09%).
- E. coli showed high susceptibility to amikacin, ceftriaxone, and meropenem; K. pneumoniae was highly susceptible to meropenem, tigecycline, and amikacin.
Conclusions:
- Microbiological data is essential for guiding appropriate antibiotic selection in pediatric UTIs.
- Tailoring treatment based on causative organisms and susceptibility improves outcomes.
- Intravenous administration of antibiotics was common in hospitalized pediatric UTI cases.
Abstract:
Complications of urinary tract infections (UTIs) like kidney failure and septicaemia develop once infections spread from the upper urinary tract to other parts of the body by haematogenous dissemination and they pose great health and economic burden to the countries. This retrospective study was conducted among 132 patients with bacterial UTIs in the inpatient department of tertiary care hospital in Abha, Saudi Arabia. During the study period, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) along with other 15 different bacteria were isolated. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the male and female children population in different age groups. We observed fever (84.09%) as a major symptom (P < 0.05), and seizure (9%) was reported as a major concomitant condition among UTI cases. Around 31.82% of E. coli was found to be the most common uropathogens in pediatric cases followed by 25% in K. pneumoniae. E. coli was observed to be more susceptible (92.86%) to amikacin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, ertapenem, gentamycin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, tigecycline, and ceftazidime. However, meropenem, tigecycline, and amikacin were observed to be effective in 100% of cases of K. pneumoniae. Meanwhile, cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed drug category among different classes of drugs. Almost 99% of pediatric cases, based on their age, were admitted to the ward, and drugs were administered intravenously. We concluded that microbiology laboratory evidence on the causative organisms and choice of treatment together allows tailoring appropriate treatment regimens in conjunction with clinical experiences.
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