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Infant Appetitive Phenotypes: A Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Analysis.

Catherine G Russell1, Jessica Appleton2,3, Alissa J Burnett4

  • 1School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.

Frontiers in Nutrition
|January 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Distinct infant appetitive phenotype trajectories emerge early. These patterns, influenced by infant and parent factors, suggest early self-regulation difficulties in some babies, highlighting the need for further research into these developmental pathways.

Keywords:
appetite self-regulationappetitive phenotypeappetitive traitsinfantmulti-trajectory analysisparent feedingtrajectoriesweight

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Pediatric nutrition
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Understanding infant appetitive traits is crucial for identifying developmental trajectories.
  • Person-centered approaches offer insights into the origins and influences of appetitive phenotypes.
  • Early identification of feeding behaviors can inform interventions and support healthy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically describe appetitive phenotype trajectories in infancy.
  • To examine associations between these trajectories and infant/parent factors.
  • To investigate the early emergence of self-regulation in infant appetite.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study of Australian infants (<6 months at baseline).
  • Online surveys assessed appetitive traits (Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire) and parent feeding practices (Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire).
  • Group-based trajectory modeling identified phenotype groups; multilevel modeling analyzed changes over time.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct infant appetitive phenotype trajectories were identified: food avoidant (21.32%), balanced (50.53%), and high food approach (28.16%).
  • Formula feeding was more common in the food avoidant group.
  • Parents perceived infants in the food avoidant group as more difficult; the balanced group showed the greatest increase in persuasive feeding.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct, multi-trajectory appetitive phenotypes emerge early in infancy.
  • These trajectories are influenced by infant characteristics, parent behaviors, and parental cognitions.
  • Early difficulties in appetite self-regulation are suggested in some infant phenotype groups, warranting further investigation into childhood.