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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model

Published on: June 11, 2017

Ligament Regenerative Engineering: Braiding Scalable and Tunable Bioengineered Ligaments Using a Bench-Top Braiding

Paulos Y Mengsteab^1,2,3,4, Joseph Freeman⁵, Mohammed A Barajaa^1,2,3,4

¹Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.

Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine

|January 10, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed a cost-effective 3D braiding machine to create tunable bioengineered ligaments. This technology offers a scalable solution for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, potentially surpassing native ligament strength.

Keywords:

Braiding Ligaments PLLA Regenerative Engineering tendon

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Regenerative Medicine
Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are prevalent in sports, often necessitating surgical repair using autografts or allografts.
Current graft options have limitations, including donor site morbidity and inconsistent quality, driving the need for advanced bioengineered alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and develop a cost-effective, bench-top 3D braiding machine for fabricating scalable and tunable bioengineered ligaments.
To demonstrate the machine's capability to control key fabrication parameters and produce ligament scaffolds with suitable properties for tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel bench-top 3D braiding machine.
Fabrication of bioengineered ligament constructs using controlled braiding parameters (angle, picks per inch).
Characterization of pore size and theoretical peak load capacity of the fabricated constructs.

Main Results:

The braiding machine successfully controlled braiding angle and picks per inch.
Demonstrated pore sizes suitable for vascularization and bone regeneration.
Theoretical calculations indicate the potential to fabricate bioengineered ligaments with a peak load capacity significantly exceeding that of the native human ACL.

Conclusions:

A cost-effective and scalable 3D braiding machine was developed for creating tunable bioengineered ligaments.
The machine offers precise control over structural properties, enabling the fabrication of ligament scaffolds with potential for enhanced mechanical strength and tissue integration.
This technology holds promise for regenerative engineering applications, particularly in addressing ACL injuries.