A Mixed-Method Evaluation of a Prison Anti-doping Intervention: The Hercules Prison Program

Area of Science:

• Correctional facility interventions
• Sports science and doping prevention
• Public health in criminal justice

Background:

• The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction study highlighted the need for physical activity and anti-doping programs in prisons.
• Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is prevalent, with many prisoners either using or knowing users.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate the efficacy of the Hercules prison program, an intervention combining theoretical anti-doping education with practical strength training.
• To assess the impact of the program on prisoners' self-rated physical strength, strength training self-efficacy, and moral disengagement from doping.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-methods approach was used, including a pretest-posttest longitudinal survey and in-depth interviews.
• 104 male prisoners participated in the survey, with 52 completing both baseline and posttest questionnaires.
• Qualitative data were gathered through informal conversations and interviews with 11 participants.

Main Results:

• Participants showed significant increases in self-rated physical strength (p < 0.001) and strength training self-efficacy (p < 0.001).
• A significant decrease in moral disengagement related to doping was observed (p < 0.001).
• Qualitative data supported survey findings, identifying relationship-building and instructor expertise as key success factors.

Conclusions:

• The Hercules program demonstrates the potential benefits of integrating anti-doping education with strength training in correctional settings.
• The intervention positively impacted participants' attitudes towards doping and their confidence in physical capabilities.
• Successful implementation relies on strong relationships, knowledgeable instructors, and collaborative efforts with prison staff.