EI24 promotes cell adaption to ER stress by coordinating IRE1 signaling and calcium homeostasis

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular organelle crucial for protein folding and calcium storage. Accumulation of unfolded proteins or calcium depletion causes ER stress. Deficiency of ER stress adaptation leads to apoptosis, which is associated with several human disorders. Here, we reveal that ER transmembrane protein EI24 promotes cell adaptation to ER stress by coordinating the IRE1 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and calcium signaling. Under nonstressed conditions, EI24 binds to the kinase domain of IRE1 to inhibit its activation. Upon ER stress, EI24 disassociates from IRE1 to permit UPR activation, and meanwhile targets IP3R1 to prevent ER calcium depletion, which together promote cell adaptation to ER stress. EI24 knockout causes failure of ER stress adaptation and apoptosis. Thus, EI24 is a novel anti-apoptotic factor implicated in ER stress signaling.