Neuropharmacological Alterations by a Rice Contaminant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a Detailed Bio-molecular and
Moitreyee Chattopadhyay1, Souvik Basak2, Atish Barua3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India. pharmacol2015@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Contaminated rice is a major source of food poisoning in human communities where our earlier study showed Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a Gram-negative bacillus, has been a major contaminant of the stored rice. In the present study, mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) such as 18:1 ω 7 c, 16:1 ω 6 c, 16:1 ω 7 c, and 18:2 ω 6,9 c long-chain fatty acids have been found as the chief constituents of S. maltophilia boiled cell lysate. Throughout the study, both acute and chronic exposure of the cell lysate showed a decrease in the locomotor activity and a time-dependent increase of the depression (p < 0.001-0.0001, two-way ANOVA), supported by bioamine (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin, and GABA) depletion in rodents' brain possibly due to UFA-amino acid decarboxylase interaction favoring bioamine depletion as revealed by our study. Furthermore, the UFA-rich cell lysate revealed dose-dependent inhibition of murine brain microglial cell viability in vitro with concomitant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cell. Destruction of neuroprotective and neurotrophin releasing microglial cells, augmentation of brain ROS, and inflaming brain tissue resulting in infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes also suggest to cause neurotoxicity by UFA derived from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Insights
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in rice cause neurotoxicity. This contamination leads to decreased activity, increased depression, and brain cell damage in rodents.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Neuroscience
- Toxicology
Background:
- Stored rice contamination by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a significant food safety concern.
- Previous research identified S. maltophilia as a major rice contaminant.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the neurotoxic potential of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) from S. maltophilia.
- To determine the effects of S. maltophilia cell lysate on rodent behavior and brain biochemistry.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of fatty acid composition in S. maltophilia cell lysate.
- Assessment of rodent locomotor activity and depression following exposure to cell lysate.
- Measurement of bioamine levels in rodent brains.
- In vitro evaluation of cell lysate's effect on murine microglial cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Main Results:
- Mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) were identified as major components of S. maltophilia cell lysate.
- Exposure to cell lysate decreased locomotor activity and increased depression in rodents.
- Significant depletion of key bioamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin, GABA) was observed in rodent brains.
- UFA-rich cell lysate inhibited microglial cell viability and increased ROS production in vitro.
- Evidence suggests UFA-induced neurotoxicity through microglial cell destruction and neuroinflammation.
Conclusions:
- Unsaturated fatty acids derived from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contribute to neurotoxicity.
- These UFAs may cause neurotoxicity by depleting brain bioamines and damaging microglial cells, leading to increased oxidative stress and inflammation.
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