Thrombin Embedded in eMPs@Thr/Sponge with Enhanced Procoagulant Ability for Uncompressible and Massive Hemorrhage...

Uncontrollable hemorrhage, especially uncompressible and massive hemorrhage, is life threatening. To develop a kind of hemostatic material that is biocompatible and has effective hemostatic performance, a starch-polyethylene glycol sponge (St-PEG sponge) incorporated with electrospraying microspheres made from carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium alginate (CMC/SA eMPs) is employed to fabricate the topical hemostatic agent for application. To load thrombin safely and effectively, CMC/SA eMPs encapsulating thrombin compounds (eMPs@Thr) are further incorporated with St-PEG sponge to obtain eMPs@Thr/sponge. The results show that eMPs@Thr/sponge could obviously reduce blood loss and shorten the hemostatis time compared with commercial hemostatic products Kuai Kang. The construction of the eMPs@Thr/sponge could not only maintain the expandable properties of the St-PEG sponge but also strengthen the procoagulant activity. Therefore, this work provides a facile approach for loading thrombin given the fact that thrombin suffers from instability and risk of thrombus. It is predicted that eMPs@Thr/sponge might hold great potential in uncompressible and massive hemorrhage control.