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Antifungal Agents

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...

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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

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Engineered Hydrophobin as a Crystallization Inhibitor for Flufenamic Acid.

Nathanael Sallada¹, Yongjun Li², Bryan Berger^1,3

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.

ACS Applied Bio Materials

|January 10, 2022

Summary

Engineered hydrophobins (HFB1) show superior performance as crystallization inhibitors compared to common polymers. This finding supports their use in amorphous drug delivery systems for enhanced drug solubility and stability.

Keywords:

crystallization crystallization inhibition hydrophobin precipitation supersaturation

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Materials Science
Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

Hydrophobins are highly surface-active proteins from fungi with diverse applications.
Their properties make them suitable for drug delivery, protein purification, and biomaterial development.
Engineered hydrophobins offer potential for advanced pharmaceutical formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate an engineered hydrophobin (HFB1) as a crystallization inhibitor for amorphous drug delivery.
To compare HFB1's efficacy against established polymeric crystallization inhibitors.
To elucidate the mechanism of crystallization inhibition by HFB1.

Main Methods:

Utilized a supersaturation-precipitation method with UV fiber optic monitoring.
Employed flufenamic acid (FA) as a model drug due to its poor aqueous solubility.
Compared HFB1 with pharmaceutical polymers: Methocel (A4C, K15M), Kollidon VA64, and HPMCAS (MF).
Analyzed results using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Circular Dichroism (CD).

Main Results:

HFB1 demonstrated superior crystallization inhibition compared to all tested polymers.
HFB1 was effective at significantly lower concentrations than polymeric inhibitors.
DLS and CD data suggest a unique inhibition mechanism dependent on drug phase.

Conclusions:

Engineered hydrophobins (HFB1) are highly effective crystallization inhibitors for amorphous drug delivery systems.
HFB1 offers a promising alternative to conventional polymers, enabling lower usage concentrations.
Understanding HFB1's mechanism can optimize its application in stabilizing supersaturated drug solutions.