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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Virus-Based Supramolecular Structure and Materials: Concept and Prospects.

Chunxi Hou1, Hanxin Xu1, Xiaojia Jiang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Virus-based nanoparticles offer unique properties for drug delivery and materials science. Their monodisperse nature prevents aggregation, enhancing applications in protein-polymer drugs, hydrogels, and catalysis.

Keywords:
drug deliveryelectrostatic assemblyhydrogelsupramolecular assemblyvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • Viruses and viruslike particles are monodisperse nanoparticles with potential for chemical modification.
  • Their uniform size (monodispersity) prevents aggregation, crucial for advanced applications.
  • These particles can display small molecules or polymers with controlled distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the modification strategies for virus and viruslike particles.
  • To highlight their diverse applications in supramolecular structures and biomedical research.
  • To underscore their utility in developing novel materials and drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies involving virus and viruslike particle modification.
  • Analysis of applications in supramolecular chemistry, drug delivery, and materials science.
  • Synthesis of information on their use in protein-polymer nanoparticles and inorganic material growth.

Main Results:

  • Chemically modified viruses and viruslike particles enable precise control over displayed molecules.
  • Monodispersity eliminates aggregation in synthetic protein-polymer nanoparticles, improving drug delivery potential.
  • These nanoparticles can direct the growth of metal and inorganic materials for various applications.

Conclusions:

  • Virus and viruslike particles are versatile platforms in supramolecular chemistry and biomedical research.
  • Their unique properties facilitate advancements in drug delivery, hydrogels, catalysis, and optoelectronics.
  • Further exploration of their modification and application is warranted for innovative material development.