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Pediatric Leprosy Profile in the Postelimination Era: A Study from Surabaya, Indonesia

Novianti Rizky Reza1,2,3, Bagus Hario Kusumaputro1,2, Medhi Denisa Alinda1,2

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|January 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric leprosy persists in Indonesia despite national elimination goals. Multibacillary infections and disabilities remain significant challenges in children, highlighting the need for continued vigilance and targeted interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Leprosy (Hansen's disease) remains a public health concern, particularly for children in endemic regions.
  • Indonesia is nearing leprosy elimination, yet pediatric cases persist, especially in low-endemic areas.
  • Early exposure to Mycobacterium leprae poses a significant risk for childhood infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the trends and characteristics of pediatric leprosy cases over a decade.
  • To identify challenges in managing childhood leprosy in a tertiary hospital setting.
  • To assess the occurrence of disabilities and leprosy reactions in pediatric patients at diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of children under 15 diagnosed with leprosy.
  • Data collected from 2010-2019 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
  • Analysis of case types (multibacillary vs. paucibacillary), diagnostic methods (slit skin smear), and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Seventy pediatric leprosy cases were identified between 2010 and 2019.
  • Multibacillary leprosy (58 cases) was more prevalent than paucibacillary (12 cases).
  • Two cases presented with grade-2 disability, and 15 experienced leprosy reactions (erythema nodosum leprosum).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric leprosy continues to occur in Indonesia, even after national elimination targets are met.
  • Multibacillary infections, grade-2 disabilities, and treatment defaults are common issues in pediatric leprosy.
  • Targeted strategies are needed to address persistent pediatric leprosy in endemic pockets.

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