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The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signalling Pathway in Cardiac Development and Regeneration.

Sandra Díaz Del Moral1, Maha Benaouicha1, Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli1

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Animal Biology, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) signaling pathway is crucial for embryonic heart development and cardiomyocyte proliferation. This pathway holds potential for adult cardiac repair and regeneration.

Keywords:
heart developmentinsulin-like growth factor receptorsinsulin-like growth factorsmyocardial proliferation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Endocrinology

Background:

  • The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) signaling pathway, including IGFs, receptors, and binding proteins, regulates embryonic cell proliferation and survival.
  • This pathway is vital for cardiac development, with IGF2 being a primary mitogen for ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the IGF signaling pathway in cardiac development.
  • To explore the clinical potential of this pathway for adult heart regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on IGF signaling in cardiac development and regeneration.
  • Analysis of experimental data regarding gene deletion effects on cardiac morphology and function.

Main Results:

  • Conditional deletion of IGF receptor 1 (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (INSR) in the myocardium impairs cardiomyocyte proliferation and leads to ventricular hypoplasia.
  • Paracrine IGF2 is essential for the regenerative capacity observed in the newborn mouse heart.

Conclusions:

  • The IGF signaling pathway is indispensable for normal cardiac development.
  • Reactivating developmental pathways, like IGF signaling, may offer therapeutic strategies for adult cardiac repair and regeneration.