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Animal Model for Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review from 2011 to 2021
Andy Xavier1,2, Hechmi Toumi1,2,3, Eric Lespessailles1,2,3
1EA 4708 I3MTO Laboratory, Orleans University, 45067 Orleans, France.
Abstract:
Clinical and experimental data have shown that prolonged exposure to GCs leads to bone loss and increases fracture risk. Special attention has been given to existing emerging drugs that can prevent and treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis GIOP. However, there is no consensus about the most relevant animal model treatments on GIOP. In this systematic review, we aimed to examine animal models of GIOP centering on study design, drug dose, timing and size of the experimental groups, allocation concealment, and outcome measures. The present review was written according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Literature searches were performed in the PubMed electronic database via Mesh with the publication date set between April, 2011, and February 2021. A total of 284 full-text articles were screened and 53 were analyzed. The most common animal species used to model GIOP were rats (66%) and mice (32%). In mice studies, males (58%) were preferred and genetically modified animals accounted for 28%. Our work calls for a standardization of the establishment of the GIOP animal model with better precision for model selection. A described reporting design, conduction, and selection of outcome measures are recommended.
Insights
This systematic review highlights the need for standardized animal models in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) research. Improved precision in model selection and reporting is crucial for developing effective GIOP treatments.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Osteoporosis Research
- Animal Models
Background:
- Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used but induce bone loss and increase fracture risk, leading to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP).
- Emerging drugs aim to prevent and treat GIOP, yet consensus on optimal animal models is lacking.
- Standardization of animal models is essential for reliable preclinical GIOP research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and analyze animal models used for studying GIOP.
- To evaluate study design, drug administration, group sizes, and outcome measures in GIOP animal models.
- To identify areas for improvement in GIOP animal model establishment and reporting.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search conducted in PubMed using MeSH terms (April 2011 - February 2021).
- Screening of 284 full-text articles, with 53 included in the final analysis.
- Adherence to the PRISMA 2020 statement for systematic reviews.
Main Results:
- Rats (66%) and mice (32%) were the most common species for GIOP modeling.
- Male mice (58%) were predominantly used, with genetically modified animals comprising 28% of mouse studies.
- Variability noted in study design, drug dosage, group allocation, and outcome measurement methods.
Conclusions:
- There is a significant need to standardize the establishment of GIOP animal models for enhanced precision.
- Recommendations include improved model selection, standardized reporting of study design, and consistent outcome measure conduction.
- Standardization will facilitate more reliable preclinical data and accelerate the development of effective GIOP therapies.
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