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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Adhesion Molecule Targeted Therapy for Non-Infectious Uveitis.

Yi-Hsing Chen1,2,3, Sue Lightman1, Malihe Eskandarpour1

  • 1UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Targeting cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) effectively reduces immune cell migration in non-infectious uveitis (NIU) and experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). CAM-based therapies show promise for personalized treatments, with localized approaches minimizing systemic side effects.

Keywords:
adhesion moleculeexperimental autoimmune uveitisintegrinintercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)non-infectious uveitisselectinuveitisvascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1)very late antigen-4 (VLA-4)

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) involves CD4+ T-cell activation, leading to retinal damage and vision loss.
  • Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are crucial for leukocyte recruitment during ocular inflammation.
  • Existing treatments for NIU lack specificity and can cause systemic side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of CAM-targeted therapies in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and NIU.
  • To identify specific CAM pathways involved in uveitis pathogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of these therapies for clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CAM-targeted therapies in EAU and NIU models.
  • Analysis of the role of specific CAMs, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes, focusing on immune cell migration and disease severity.

Main Results:

  • CAM-based therapies significantly reduced immune cell migration in EAU models.
  • Targeting ICAM-1/LFA-1 and VCAM-1/VLA-4 pathways demonstrated therapeutic benefits.
  • P-selectin and E-selectin are implicated in uveitis associated with vasculitis.

Conclusions:

  • CAM-targeted therapies offer a promising strategy for managing NIU and EAU.
  • These therapies allow for more personalized and specific treatment approaches.
  • Localized delivery methods are recommended to mitigate systemic adverse effects.