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Simple Method for Apples' Bruise Area Prediction.

Monika Słupska¹, Ewa Syguła², Piotr Komarnicki¹

¹Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 11, 2022

Summary

Predicting apple bruise volume is now simpler using drop height and substrate type. This study developed numerical models offering up to 93% accuracy for estimating damage, aiding producers in post-harvest handling.

Keywords:

apple bruise volume drop test free fall test nonlinear estimation numerical model

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Engineering
Food Science
Horticulture

Background:

Predicting apple bruising after impact is crucial for producers.
Existing methods for estimating bruise area are not universally applicable or rapid.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple method for estimating apple bruise volume.
To correlate bruise volume with drop height and substrate type.

Main Methods:

Three apple cultivars (Idared, Golden Delicious, Jonagold) were tested.
Morphological properties (weight, turgor, moisture, sugar) were measured.
Free fall tests were conducted from 10-150 mm onto various substrates (wood, concrete, cardboard, foam).
Linear regression models were developed to predict bruise volume.

Main Results:

Foam and cardboard substrates offered initial protection, but degraded with increased drop height.
Wood and concrete substrates showed similar bruising impacts.
Apple cultivar resistance varied, with Idared being most resistant and Jonagold least.
Predictive models achieved 75% accuracy for collective data and 93% for cultivar-specific data.

Conclusions:

Simple numerical models can accurately estimate apple bruise volume based on drop height and substrate.
Understanding substrate and cultivar interactions is key to minimizing post-harvest damage.
These models provide a practical tool for producers to assess potential bruising.