Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

Free Jet

Free Jet

Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below:

Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules

Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules

The test of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) and its postulates is its ability to explain and describe the behavior of a gas. The various gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Avogadro’s, and Dalton’s laws) can be derived from the assumptions of the KMT, which have led chemists to believe that the assumptions of the theory accurately represent the properties of gas molecules.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...

Pascal's Law

Pascal's Law

In 1653, the French philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal published "Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids," which discussed the principles of static fluids. A static fluid is a fluid that is not in motion. When a fluid is not flowing, we say that the fluid is in static equilibrium. If the fluid is water, we say it is in hydrostatic equilibrium. For a fluid in static equilibrium, the net force on any part of the fluid must be zero; otherwise, the fluid will start to flow. Pascal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Rediscovered historical lots uncover the identity of Nikolaj A. Livanow's Protoclepsis species and clarify the taxonomy of Palearctic waterfowl-associated leeches (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae).

Systematic parasitology·2025

Same author

A high-altitude population of Hyperboreomyzon polaris (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) in Altai Mountains, South Siberia, Russia.

Systematic parasitology·2024

Same author

New records of Lasiocampidae (Lepidoptera) from Zanzibar Island with taxonomic notes and description of one new species of Odontopacha Aurivillius, 1909.

Zootaxa·2023

Same author

A novel assembly pipeline and functional annotations for targeted sequencing: A case study on the globally threatened Margaritiferidae (Bivalvia: Unionida).

Molecular ecology resources·2023

Same author

Phylogeography and ecology of bumble bees on Kolguev Island, a remote European Arctic landmass.

ZooKeys·2023

Same author

Cryptic taxonomic diversity and high-latitude melanism in the glossiphoniid leech assemblage from the Eurasian Arctic.

Scientific reports·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

Computer Vision in Analyzing the Propagation of a Gas-Gunpowder Jet.

Irina G Palchikova¹, Igor V Latyshov², Evgenii S Smirnov¹

¹Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 11, 2022

Summary

A new method uses digital image analysis to quantify gunshot residue (GSR) on targets. This technique accurately estimates GSR amount and distribution, aiding forensic investigations.

Keywords:

digital image processing gas–gunpowder jet gunshot residues optical density target

More Related Videos

High-Speed Optical Diagnostics of a Supersonic Ping-Pong Cannon

High-Speed Optical Diagnostics of a Supersonic Ping-Pong Cannon

Published on: March 24, 2023

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Published on: June 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

High-Speed Optical Diagnostics of a Supersonic Ping-Pong Cannon

High-Speed Optical Diagnostics of a Supersonic Ping-Pong Cannon

Published on: March 24, 2023

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Published on: June 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Image Analysis
Ballistics

Background:

Gunshot residue (GSR) analysis is crucial in forensic investigations.
Quantifying GSR deposition patterns provides valuable information about shooting incidents.
Current methods for GSR analysis can be time-consuming and subjective.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a mathematical method for processing digital target images.
To enable quantitative estimation of GSR amount and distribution from digital images.
To provide a reliable tool for analyzing GSR patterns in forensic ballistics.

Main Methods:

Mathematical processing of digital target images.
Analysis of optical density in concentric rings and sectors of target images.
Correlation of integral optical density with deposited GSR mass.
Quantification of radial and angular GSR distribution variations.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the possibility of estimating GSR amount and distribution using digital image analysis.
Revealed radial and angular dependence of soot distribution in gas-gunpowder jets.
Established that integral optical density correlates with GSR mass on the target.
Enabled quantification of GSR layer thickness differences based on weapon type and distance.

Conclusions:

Digital image processing offers a robust method for GSR quantification.
The developed technique allows for detailed analysis of GSR deposition patterns.
This method enhances the ability to differentiate shooting scenarios based on GSR evidence.