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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

SOI Waveguide Bragg Grating Photonic Sensor for Human Body Temperature Measurement Based on Photonic Integrated

Hongqiang Li¹, Zhixuan An¹, Quanhua Mao¹

¹Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin 300387, China.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 11, 2022

Summary

A novel two-sided waveguide Bragg grating (WBG) sensor accurately measures human body temperature within a 35-42 °C range. This silicon-on-insulator photonic sensor shows potential for wearable e-skin applications.

Keywords:

body temperature measurement photonic sensor waveguide Bragg grating

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Last Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

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Area of Science:

Photonics
Materials Science
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Waveguide Bragg gratings (WBGs) offer versatile sensing capabilities.
WBGs are being explored for applications like e-skin to measure body temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and compare three WBG structures for temperature sensing.
To fabricate and experimentally validate a two-sided WBG for human body temperature measurement.

Main Methods:

Design and fabrication of three WBG structures with varying grating periods, etching depths, and duty cycles.
Experimental setup using a photonic integrated interrogator.
Testing the two-sided WBG performance for temperature changes between 35-42 °C.

Main Results:

The two-sided WBG demonstrated accurate temperature measurement within the 35-42 °C range.
Achieved a low temperature measurement error of 0.1 °C.
Validated the WBG's suitability for detecting physiological temperature variations.

Conclusions:

The developed silicon-on-insulator (SOI) WBG photonic sensor is effective for precise human body temperature monitoring.
This technology holds significant potential for integration into wearable devices and e-skin applications.
The study confirms the feasibility of using WBGs for non-invasive, continuous temperature measurements in healthcare settings.