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Numbers and Mortality Risk of Hypertensive Patients with or without Elevated Body Mass Index in China

Xiaoqin Luo1,2, Hexiang Yang1,2, Zhangya He1,2

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|January 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Millions of Chinese adults have hypertension and elevated body mass index (BMI). Low treatment and control rates increase mortality risk, particularly with severe hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hypertension and elevated body mass index (BMI) are significant global health concerns.
  • Understanding the prevalence and mortality risk associated with comorbid hypertension and elevated BMI in China is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the number of adults with hypertension and elevated BMI in China.
  • To assess the mortality risk associated with hypertension in individuals with elevated BMI.
  • To evaluate the treatment and control rates of hypertension in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for population estimates.
  • Employed the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data to assess mortality risk.
  • Applied Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Approximately 117.74 million adults (23.02%) in China have both hypertension and elevated BMI.
  • A substantial number, 38.53 million, were advised antihypertensive medication but did not take it.
  • 38.40 million hypertensive patients with elevated BMI did not achieve blood pressure control goals.
  • Higher hypertension severity correlated significantly with increased all-cause and premature mortality, especially in the elderly (p for trend = 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • China faces a substantial public health challenge with a large population suffering from comorbid hypertension and elevated BMI.
  • Low rates of diagnosis, treatment, and control for hypertension in individuals with elevated BMI contribute to increased mortality.
  • The severity of hypertension is a critical factor influencing all-cause and premature death risk in this demographic.

Keywords:
all-cause mortalityelevated body mass indexhypertensionincidencepremature death mortality

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