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Extreme Precipitation Events and Infectious Disease Risk: A Scoping Review and Framework for Infectious Respiratory

Kyle T Aune1, Meghan F Davis2,3, Genee S Smith1

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|January 11, 2022
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This summary is machine-generated.

Extreme precipitation events (EPEs) can increase infectious disease risk. This review explores EPE impacts on infectious respiratory diseases, proposing pathways and research needs for public health.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Extreme precipitation events (EPEs) are increasing and impact environments and human behavior, influencing infectious disease transmission.
  • While EPE impacts on enteric and vector-borne diseases are known, their effect on infectious respiratory diseases is less understood.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for public health preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and severity of EPE impacts on infectious diseases.
  • To develop a conceptual framework for EPEs influencing infectious respiratory diseases.
  • To identify research gaps in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of plausible environmental and behavioral pathways linking EPEs to respiratory illness.
  • Identification of limitations in current research.

Main Results:

  • EPEs moderately increase risk for enteric, vector-borne, and allergic illnesses.
  • Plausible pathways for EPEs affecting respiratory viruses include reduced UV radiation, increased humidity, and behavioral changes (more indoor time, HVAC use).
  • Limited research exists on meteorological risk factors for infectious respiratory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • EPEs pose a significant public health threat due to their potential to increase infectious respiratory diseases.
  • Further research is needed using individual surveillance, fine spatial scales, and appropriate lag periods.
  • Characterizing susceptible populations is essential for targeted interventions.