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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
Published on: January 7, 2022
Laser-Induced Interdigital Structured Graphene Electrodes Based Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor for Efficient Peak
Apurba Ray1, Jenny Roth1, Bilge Saruhan1
1German Aerospace Center (DLR), Department of High-Temperature and Functional Coatings, Institute of Materials Research, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
Researchers developed flexible micro-supercapacitors using laser-induced graphene electrodes for advanced energy storage in portable electronics. These devices offer high performance and stability, showing promise for self-powered microsystems.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Growing demand for lightweight portable electronics necessitates advanced energy storage solutions.
- Micro-supercapacitors are preferred over micro-batteries for microelectronics due to faster charge-discharge rates, high power density, and long cycle life.
- Laser-induced graphene (LIG) offers a scalable method for fabricating micro-supercapacitor electrodes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize and fabricate micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) using laser-induced interdigital structured graphene electrodes (LIG).
- To investigate the electrochemical performance of flexible MSCs fabricated from polyimide-based Kapton HN foils.
- To evaluate the energy density, power density, and cyclic stability of the developed LIG/PGE-MSC.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of interdigital LIG electrodes by CO2-laser structuring of Kapton HN foils at ambient temperature.
- Utilization of a polymer gel electrolyte (PGE) comprising polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-trifluoromethansulphonate ([EMIM][OTf]).
- Electrochemical characterization including cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements.
Main Results:
- The fabricated MSC exhibits a wide stable potential window of up to 2.0 V.
- Achieved areal capacitance of 1.75 mF/cm² at a scan rate of 5.0 mV/s.
- Delivered an energy density (Ea) of 0.256 µWh/cm² and a power density (Pa) of 0.11 mW/cm².
- Demonstrated excellent cyclic stability with up to 10,000 cycles.
Conclusions:
- The optimized LIG/PGE-MSC demonstrates significant potential for peak energy storage in self-powered microsystems.
- Laser-induced graphene fabrication provides a scalable and efficient route for advanced micro-supercapacitor development.
- The developed micro-supercapacitors offer competitive performance compared to existing thin-film micro-supercapacitors.
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