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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis
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Radiation-Induced Heart Disease.

Juan A Quintero-Martinez1, Sandra N Cordova-Madera1, Hector R Villarraga1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation therapy (RT) can cause heart disease, especially with higher doses and certain chemotherapies. Early detection and prevention strategies are crucial for managing radiation-induced heart disease in cancer survivors.

Keywords:
cardio-oncologycardiotoxicityechocardiographyradiation therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer survivorship is increasing due to improved treatments like radiation therapy (RT).
  • RT, used in 20-55% of cancer patients, aims to inhibit cancer cell proliferation or induce apoptosis.
  • While photon beam RT is traditional, proton beam RT offers improved tumor targeting and reduced normal tissue exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and risk factors of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD).
  • To emphasize the importance of physician understanding for tailored patient assessment and monitoring.
  • To highlight strategies for early detection and prevention of RIHD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathophysiology of cardiac complications following RT.
  • Identification of risk factors associated with RIHD.
  • Discussion of diagnostic imaging modalities for RIHD assessment.

Main Results:

  • Radiation to the heart is a frequent complication, particularly in lymphoma, breast, lung, and esophageal cancer patients.
  • Pathophysiology involves microvascular and macrovascular changes, leading to accelerated atherosclerosis and fibrosis.
  • Key risk factors include high RT doses (>30 Gy), anthracycline chemotherapy, age, pre-existing heart disease, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RIHD mechanisms and risk factors enables personalized patient management.
  • Early detection and prevention of RIHD are critical for improving long-term outcomes in cancer survivors.
  • Echocardiography is a primary noninvasive tool for evaluating cardiac structures, supplemented by CT, nuclear medicine, and cardiac MRI.