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Randomized Controlled Trial of Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acid Supplementation to Reduce Inflammatory Markers in Children

Sarah A Keim1,2,3, Abigail Jude4, Katie Smith4

  • 1Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. sarah.keim@nationwidechildrens.org.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|January 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This study investigated fatty acid (FA) supplementation for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Supplementation increased omega-3 and omega-6 levels and reduced a key inflammatory marker, showing promise for ASD management.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
  • Altered fatty acid (FA) metabolism and inflammation are implicated in ASD.
  • Targeting FA pathways may offer a novel therapeutic approach for ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplementation in children with ASD.
  • To assess the impact of FA supplementation on erythrocyte FA levels and plasma cytokine profiles.
  • To determine the tolerability and adherence rates of FA supplementation in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with children aged 2-6 years diagnosed with ASD.
  • Participants received daily oral supplementation of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs or a placebo for 90 days.
  • Erythrocyte FAs and plasma cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IFNγ) were measured via serial blood collections.

Main Results:

  • FA supplementation significantly increased erythrocyte levels of omega-3 (EPA) and omega-6 (DHA).
  • Treatment resulted in a significant reduction in plasma IL-2 levels compared to the placebo group.
  • The FA supplementation was well-tolerated, with adherence rates exceeding 70%.

Conclusions:

  • Omega-3 and omega-6 FA supplementation is a safe and tolerable intervention for children with ASD.
  • The observed changes in FA levels and IL-2 suggest a potential immunomodulatory effect.
  • Further research is warranted to investigate the impact of FA supplementation on core ASD symptoms.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderIL-2InflammationOmega-3 fatty acidsOmega-6 fatty acidsYoung child

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