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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

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Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks: Compositions, Properties, and Applications-A Review.

Xiaohang Sun1,2, Sachin Agate1, Khandoker Samaher Salem1

  • 1Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Smart hydrogels, especially those from natural polymers, are advanced for sensing and diagnostics. Modifications with nanoparticles and organic compounds enhance their performance for various applications.

Keywords:
3D and 4D Stimuli-responsive sensorsBiodegradable sensorsHydrogelsNatural and Synthetic PolymersWearable Sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogels are versatile 3D polymer networks capable of recognizing external stimuli.
  • Smart hydrogels can be engineered for sensing and diagnostic applications.
  • Natural polymers are increasingly explored for hydrogel development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of hydrogel sensing advances.
  • To focus on natural polymer-based hydrogels and their preparation.
  • To discuss modifications for enhanced sensor applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of hydrogel preparation protocols over several decades.
  • Analysis of incorporating inorganic nanoparticles and organic compounds.
  • Examination of sensing mechanisms in modified hydrogels.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogels can be chemically modified into smart materials for sensing.
  • Natural polymer-based hydrogels show significant potential.
  • Composite hydrogels with nanoparticles and organic compounds exhibit improved sensor capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogel technology has advanced significantly for sensor and diagnostic tools.
  • Tailoring hydrogel structure and composition is key to their function.
  • Future research directions involve further material modifications and application exploration.