[Nutrition and peritoneal dialysis: Fundaments and practical aspects for dietary prescription]

The number of patients with advanced / end-stage chronic kidney disease (ESRD) with some modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT) has been on the rise significantly. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) represents 11% of the world dialysis population. Different options for RRT have been associated with a greater risk of developing complications, such infections, metabolic alterations and nutritional complications, specifically a higher incidence of protein-energy wasting (PEW), ranging from 32 to 49% in PD patients. Peritoneal transporter type plays an important role in the development of nutritional complications, where the high transporter compared to the slow or low transporter has been associated with a higher nutritional risk by increasing the risk of volume overload, hypertension, and inflammation; as well as greater loss of proteins in the dialysate due to the greater number of replacements that characterize its prescription. Nutrition specialists needs to consider diverse aspects to achieve an individualized nutritional approach based on the characteristics of the patient, where knowing peritoneal transporter type is essential. The aim of this study is to review the evidence available to date regarding nutritional therapy in patients with peritoneal dialysis, as well as to analyze some basic aspects of dialysis therapy.