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Building better theories.

Clare Press1, Daniel Yon2, Cecilia Heyes3

  • 1DepartmeCof Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.

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Press et al. address the theory crisis in cognitive science by distinguishing theories from other concepts. They offer a seven-question checklist to improve theory construction, evaluation, and testing.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • The field of cognitive science faces a 'theory crisis'.
  • Distinguishing genuine theories from related concepts is challenging.
  • Existing theoretical practices vary in quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the 'theory crisis' in cognitive science.
  • To provide clear criteria for identifying and evaluating scientific theories.
  • To offer practical guidance for theory construction and testing.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of theoretical practices in cognitive science.
  • Distinction of theories from effects, predictions, hypotheses, typologies, and frameworks.
  • Development of a seven-question checklist for theory assessment.

Main Results:

  • A clear distinction between theories and other scientific constructs.
  • Identification of characteristics of good and poor theoretical practice.
  • A practical tool (checklist) for guiding theoretical work.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed checklist can enhance theory construction and evaluation in cognitive science.
  • Clarifying theoretical components is crucial for scientific progress.
  • Improved theoretical rigor can help resolve the 'theory crisis'.