Peptide Nanosponges Designed for the Delivery of Perillyl Alcohol to Glioma Cells

Peptide nanosponges of low polydispersity are spontaneously formed from trigonal supramolecular building blocks in aqueous buffers, which feature cationic and/or anionic oligopeptides (n = 5-20) and a hydrophobic unit. In contrast to classical liposomes/vesicles, nanosponges feature interwoven hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanodomains and are readily taken up by mammalian cells. Perillyl alcohol is known to be a simple, but effective small molecule drug against glioma multiforme. However, its efficacy is limited by a poor bioavailability. In order to make perillyl alcohol bioavailable, two nanosponges consisting of 10 aspartates, to which perillyl alcohol is attached by means of an ester bond, and 20 lysines or arginines (type (D-POH)₁₀K₂₀ and (D-POH)₁₀R₂₀) were synthesized, purified, and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These nanosponges were then tested in cell cultures of murine glioma cells (GL26) and murine neural progenitor cells (NPC) because the latter was previously utilized in cell-based cancer therapy. The two nanosponges exhibited significantly different biophysical properties (size distribution and ζ potentials). Consequently, different efficacies in killing GL26 and NPC were observed in serum-containing culture media. The results from these experiments confirmed that the type (D-POH)₁₀K₂₀ nanosponge is a promising candidate for the (cell-mediated) cytotherapy of glioblastoma.