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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021.

Mohamed Hassanein1, Bachar Afandi2, Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani3

  • 1Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|January 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Fasting during Ramadan is a religious obligation for Muslims. Updated guidelines offer crucial advice for people with diabetes, focusing on safe fasting practices and comprehensive care to manage health risks effectively.

Keywords:
DiabetesFastingGuidelinesManagementRamadanRecommendationsType 1Type 2pre-Ramadan education

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Islamic Studies

Background:

  • Fasting during Ramadan is a core Islamic practice, obligatory for healthy adult Muslims.
  • Many individuals with diabetes choose to fast, necessitating specific medical guidance.
  • Previous guidelines require updating to address contemporary challenges in diabetes management during Ramadan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive update to practical guidelines for managing diabetes during Ramadan.
  • To offer evidence-based recommendations for healthcare professionals and individuals with diabetes who fast.
  • To enhance awareness and knowledge regarding diabetes management during the fasting month.

Main Methods:

  • Consensus development by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Diabetes and Ramadan (DaR) International Alliance.
  • Review and synthesis of current evidence on diabetes and Ramadan fasting.
  • Inclusion of specific considerations for type 1 diabetes, elderly patients, and pregnant women.

Main Results:

  • The updated guidelines cover management strategies for various diabetes types and patient demographics.
  • Key areas addressed include mental well-being, macrovascular and microvascular complication risks.
  • Recommendations are provided for optimizing care and minimizing health risks associated with fasting.

Conclusions:

  • The IDF-DAR Diabetes and Ramadan Practical Guidelines 2021 aim to improve diabetes care during Ramadan.
  • These guidelines provide essential, real-world recommendations for health professionals and fasting individuals with diabetes.
  • Adherence to updated guidelines can enhance safety and well-being for people with diabetes observing Ramadan fasts.