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Abscopal Effect: An Old Concept with a New Horizon.

Ahmed Nadeem Abbasi1, Agha Muhammad Hammad Khan1, Muhammad Atif Mansha2

  • 1Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

The Gulf Journal of Oncology
|January 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The abscopal effect, where radiation shrinks distant tumors, is gaining interest. Combining radiation with immunotherapy shows promise for enhancing this effect and advancing personalized medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The abscopal effect describes radiation-induced regression of non-irradiated tumors.
  • Recent advancements in oncology diagnostics and therapeutics have renewed interest in this phenomenon.
  • The synergy between radiation and immunotherapy is a key area of current research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the background and mechanisms of the abscopal effect.
  • To explore the potential synergistic effects of combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy.
  • To provide a literature review on abscopal responses in the context of immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on the abscopal effect.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying radiation-induced systemic anti-tumor immunity.
  • Evaluation of preclinical and clinical data on combined radiation and immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Radiation therapy can stimulate systemic anti-tumor immune responses.
  • Immunotherapy can enhance the abscopal effect by modulating the immune microenvironment.
  • Combined approaches show potential for improved treatment outcomes in various cancers.

Conclusions:

  • The abscopal effect represents a significant area for cancer treatment innovation.
  • Combining radiation and immunotherapy offers a promising strategy for harnessing systemic anti-tumor immunity.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize treatment protocols and expand the application of the abscopal effect in personalized medicine.