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The Retrieval-Related Anterior Shift Is Moderated by Age and Correlates with Memory Performance.

Sabina Srokova1,2, Paul F Hill3, Michael D Rugg4,2,5

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The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
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Older adults show an exaggerated anterior shift in neural activity during memory retrieval, linked to poorer memory performance. This suggests age-related changes in how the brain accesses detailed event memories.

Keywords:
aginganterior shiftmemory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Episodic memory relies on distinct neural activity patterns during encoding and retrieval.
  • The retrieval-related anterior shift describes a more anterior neural response peak during retrieval compared to encoding.
  • This shift is hypothesized to reflect a bias towards abstract information over perceptual details during memory recall.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if age moderates the magnitude of the anterior shift in neural activity.
  • To determine the association between the anterior shift and memory performance across different age groups.
  • To explore the functional significance of the anterior shift in cognitive aging and memory decline.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity in younger and older adults.
  • Participants completed encoding and retrieval tasks involving word-face and word-scene pairs.
  • Peak neural selectivity for faces and scenes was localized in specific brain regions, including the parahippocampal place area (PPA).

Main Results:

  • Anterior shifts were observed in the PPA and occipital place area in both age groups.
  • Older adults exhibited a larger anterior shift compared to younger adults, with additional shifts in the medial place area and precuneus.
  • A negative correlation was found between the anterior shift in the PPA and source memory performance, indicating better memory with smaller shifts.

Conclusions:

  • The magnitude of the retrieval-related anterior shift is greater in older adults.
  • The anterior shift is associated with memory performance, with smaller shifts correlating with better recall.
  • These findings highlight the anterior shift's sensitivity to aging and its role in age-related memory changes.