A comprehensive profiling of soluble immune checkpoints from the sera of patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Ying Peng1, Chen Zhang2, Zhilian Rui1
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China.
Background:
Immunotherapy was widely used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether inhibition of immune checkpoints individually or simultaneously could improve the therapeutic efficacy of NSCLC remains to be investigated. Here, we explored the aberrant levels of several checkpoints and evaluated their potential diagnostic values for NSCLC.
Methods:
Serum samples of 89 NSCLC patients and 57 healthy donors were collected from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between November 2019 and July 2020. Fourteen human immune checkpoints were quantified by Procarta-Plex Human Immuno-Oncology Checkpoint Panel.
Results:
The expression levels of sTIM-3, sCD137, sCD27, sLAG-3, sIDO, sPD-L2, sCD152, sCD80, and sPD-1 were all significantly increased in serum of NSCLC patients. Especially, sLAG-3 was significantly elevated in serum of NSCLC patients at early-stage (stages I and II), TIM-3, CD137, and CD27 were significantly higher in the advanced NSCLC patients (stages III and IV) than in the early-stage groups. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) results showed that except for PD-1, all the other immune checkpoint proteins had potential diagnostic values for NSCLC. sTIM-3 had the highest diagnostic accuracy, followed by sLAG-3. Combining sTIM-3, sLAG-3, and sCD137 could increase the accuracy to a higher level. Moreover, sCD27 was correlated with NSCLC cancer type, age, sex, and disease stage, while sCD137 was correlated with age and disease stage. sTIM-3 and sIDO were correlated with stage and age, respectively.
Conclusions:
TIM-3 and LAG-3 were independent biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. The combination of TIM-3, LAG-3, and CD137 could increase the diagnostic accuracy.
Insights
This study identifies soluble TIM-3 and LAG-3 as key biomarkers for early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis. Combining these with CD137 improves diagnostic accuracy for NSCLC.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Immunotherapy is a key treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
- The role of individual or combined immune checkpoint inhibition in NSCLC efficacy requires further investigation.
- This study investigates aberrant levels of immune checkpoints and their diagnostic potential in NSCLC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore aberrant levels of immune checkpoints in NSCLC patients.
- To evaluate the diagnostic value of these checkpoints for NSCLC.
- To assess the potential of combining biomarkers for improved NSCLC diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Serum samples from 89 NSCLC patients and 57 healthy donors were analyzed.
- Fourteen human immune checkpoints were quantified using the Procarta-Plex Human Immuno-Oncology Checkpoint Panel.
- Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to assess diagnostic values.
Main Results:
- Significantly increased levels of sTIM-3, sCD137, sCD27, sLAG-3, sIDO, sPD-L2, sCD152, sCD80, and sPD-1 were observed in NSCLC patients.
- sLAG-3 was elevated in early-stage NSCLC, while TIM-3, CD137, and CD27 were higher in advanced stages.
- sTIM-3 and sLAG-3 demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy, with combined biomarkers showing increased precision.
Conclusions:
- Soluble TIM-3 and LAG-3 are independent biomarkers for early NSCLC diagnosis.
- Combining sTIM-3, sLAG-3, and sCD137 enhances diagnostic accuracy for NSCLC.
- Immune checkpoint levels correlate with NSCLC type, stage, age, and sex.
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