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Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

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Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Injectable and Sprayable Polyphenol-Based Hydrogels for Controlling Hemostasis.

Huimin Geng1, Qiong Dai1, Haifeng Sun1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New injectable and sprayable hydrogels were developed using tannic acid (TA) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). These biocompatible hydrogels demonstrate rapid gelation and effective hemostasis, showing promise for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
hemostasisinjectable hydrogelpolyphenolself-healingtannic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Injectable and sprayable hydrogels are crucial for drug delivery and cell encapsulation due to their moldability.
  • Developing stimuli-free hydrogels with enhanced properties remains a key challenge in the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the spontaneous assembly of injectable and sprayable hydrogels from tannic acid (TA) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).
  • To investigate the role of 1,4-benzenediboronic acid (BDBA) in improving hydrogel properties and reducing gelation time.
  • To evaluate the hemostatic potential of the developed hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • One-step mixing of TA and CMCS solutions to form hydrogels.
  • Incorporation of BDBA to tune mechanical properties and gelation kinetics.
  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm bonding interactions.
  • In vivo hemostasis evaluation in mouse liver models.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous formation of injectable and sprayable CMCS-TA-BDBA hydrogels without external stimuli.
  • Hydrogel assembly via hydrogen bonds (TA-CMCS) and dynamic boronate ester bonds (TA-BDBA).
  • Optimal mechanical properties achieved at a BDBA-to-TA molar ratio of 3:1.
  • Rapid gelation (∼10 s), biocompatibility, self-healing, and hemostatic efficacy (77% bleeding reduction in mouse livers).

Conclusions:

  • CMCS-TA-BDBA hydrogels offer a promising combination of injectability, sprayability, and self-healing properties.
  • The developed hydrogels exhibit significant hemostatic capabilities, making them suitable for biomedical applications.
  • Balancing component interactions is key to optimizing hydrogel performance for hemostasis.