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Approach to childhood glaucoma: A review

Tanya Karaconji1,2, Sophia Zagora1,2, John R Grigg1,2,3

  • 1Speciality of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
|January 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Childhood glaucoma, a rare condition causing high eye pressure, requires prompt diagnosis and management. This review covers primary congenital glaucoma and secondary forms linked to various ocular and systemic conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Eye Diseases

Background:

  • Childhood glaucoma encompasses rare, heterogeneous ocular conditions.
  • Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) can lead to sight-threatening complications.
  • Glaucoma in children is classified as primary or secondary, with secondary types potentially linked to systemic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of common childhood glaucoma types.
  • To focus on the work of the Childhood Glaucoma Research Network (CGRN).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review based on Childhood Glaucoma Research Network (CGRN) findings.
  • Focus on diagnosis and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).
  • Exploration of secondary glaucoma causes: ocular anomalies (Axenfeld-Rieger, Peters, Aniridia), systemic diseases (Sturge Weber, Neurofibromatosis), acquired conditions (uveitis, trauma, tumors), and post-cataract surgery glaucoma.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and tailored management are crucial for childhood glaucoma.
  • Understanding diverse etiologies, from congenital anomalies to acquired conditions, informs treatment approaches.

Keywords:
Sturge-Weber syndromechildhood glaucomajuvenile open angle glaucomaprimary congenital glaucomauveitic glaucoma

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