An altered microbiota pattern precedes Type 2 diabetes mellitus development: From the CORDIOPREV study

Area of Science:

• Microbiome research
• Diabetes mellitus
• Cardiovascular disease

Background:

• A distinct gut microbiome is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• Predicting T2DM in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is crucial for early intervention.
• Understanding the interplay between gut microbiota and metabolic diseases is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess if gut microbiota composition, alongside clinical biomarkers, enhances T2DM prediction in CHD patients.
• To develop a predictive model integrating microbiome and clinical data for T2DM risk assessment.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 462 patients from the CORDIOPREV study.
• Development of predictive models using a hold-out method.
• Inclusion of clinical parameters such as FINDRISC, American Diabetes Association risk score, HDL, triglycerides, and HbA1c.

Main Results:

• A specific gut microbiota profile was identified as associated with T2DM development.
• Integrating microbiome data with clinical parameters significantly improved T2DM prediction (AUC increased from 0.632 to 0.946).
• A microbiome-based risk score, using the ten most discriminant genera, correlated with T2DM development probability.

Conclusions:

• Gut microbiota profiles are linked to T2DM development.
• An integrated predictive model combining microbiome and clinical data offers improved T2DM prediction.
• Further validation in independent populations is recommended to establish this model for T2DM prevention.